The development of Islamic finance as an ethical and sustainable financial model: A systematic literature review

Abstract

In a global context marked by financial, social, and environmental crises, the search for alternative and sustainable financial models has become a pressing priority. This article provides a systematic review of the literature on Islamic finance to assess its contribution as an ethical and sustainable financial model. Through the analysis of 62 peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2024, the study explores the foundations, instruments, areas of application, and limitations of Islamic finance in addressing contemporary global challenges.

The methodological approach follows the PRISMA protocol, using a structured selection process based on established academic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect). The analysis highlights key themes, including Islamic finance's alignment with universal ethical principles, its role in fostering financial inclusion and social impact projects, and its progressive convergence with ESG standards.

Findings indicate the growing relevance of Islamic financial instruments “such as green Sukuk, Takaful, and productive Waqf” in supporting responsible and sustainable development initiatives. However, challenges remain in areas such as regulatory standardization, governance, and global visibility. The study concludes that beyond its religious origins, Islamic finance has the potential to serve as a strategic driver for ethical financial transition, provided its frameworks for transparency, education, and innovation are strengthened.

Keywords:  Islamic finance, Sustainable finance, Ethical finance, Sustainable development, ESG

JEL Classification: G21, M14, Q01, Z12

Paper type: systematic Literature Review (SLR)